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Paper: coding agents write robot behavior trees from an MCP skill contract and run them on a Husarion Panther

Researchers had coding agents write robot behavior trees from a contract served by a robot-side MCP server. The contract lists the robot's skills, allowed operators and optional templates, and a gate validates each tree before it runs. The paper reports tests of Sonnet 4.6 and Gemma4:31b on 110 simulated tasks and 14 on a Husarion Panther running Nav2.

Open original source arxiv.org · Jonathan Salfity, Robert Blake Anderson, Mitch Pryor

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Paper reports 14 tasks on a physical Husarion Panther; no code release linked from the abstract page.

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Briefing

Each tree was generated in a separate Claude Code session started with claude -p; Gemma4:31b ran locally through Ollama inside the same Claude Code harness. The agent queries the robot's MCP server for the skill library, tree schema and templates, then sends the tree to the robot's validation gate. On the Panther, the skills wrap a precompiled Nav2 stack (Navigate, Spin, BackUp) plus a YOLO detection node and a heading controller.

In simulation, Sonnet 4.6 reached 90% task success on the core task set against 50% for Gemma, and templates raised Gemma to 83%. On the Panther the two models performed comparably, with success judged by human observation. The University of Texas at Austin authors publish the prompts, contracts and generated trees on a project website.

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